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Upper and lower supports are important components of scaffolding systems in construction, mainly used to adjust the height of scaffolding, transfer upper loads to the foundation structure, and ensure the stability of the entire scaffolding system. The following is an introduction to universal upper and lower supports:
structural composition
Top support: also known as top support, usually composed of screws, trays, pins, and other parts. The screw is generally a round steel with a diameter of 30-50mm, and its length is commonly available in various specifications such as 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, etc. It can be adjusted according to actual needs. The pallet is used to place horizontal bars or directly carry construction loads, with an area generally not less than 150mm × 150mm and a thickness between 5-8mm, which can effectively disperse the load.
Lower support: also known as bottom support, the main structure also includes screws, bases, etc. The screw is similar to the upper support, and the base is generally a square steel plate with a larger size, commonly with a side length of 150-200mm and a thickness of 8-10mm. The stability is improved by increasing the contact area with the foundation to prevent the scaffold from sinking.
Material characteristics
Steel selection: Most of them are made of Q235B or Q345B steel. Q235B steel has good plasticity and welding performance, which can meet the needs of general construction and is relatively affordable in price; Q345B steel has higher strength and better toughness, making it suitable for projects with high load-bearing requirements and complex construction environments.
Surface treatment: To enhance corrosion resistance and extend service life, the upper and lower supports are usually hot-dip galvanized. The hot-dip galvanized layer is uniform and dense, with a thickness generally between 55-80 μ m, which can effectively resist the corrosion of steel by harsh environments such as moisture, acid and alkali.
Features
Height adjustment: By rotating the screw, the upper support can adjust the top height of the scaffold within a certain range, and the lower support can adjust the bottom height of the scaffold to meet different construction height requirements and uneven foundation ground. The adjustment accuracy can generally be controlled at around 10-20mm, meeting the precise control of height during the construction process.
Load transfer: It can reliably transfer the construction load on the upper part of the scaffold, such as the weight of construction personnel, building materials, equipment, etc., to the lower foundation structure. Generally, the load-bearing capacity of a single upper support is 3-5 tons, while the load-bearing capacity of a lower support is slightly higher, at 5-8 tons. The specific load-bearing capacity may vary depending on product specifications and materials.
Stable connection: A stable connection can be formed between the upper support and the horizontal and vertical poles of the scaffold, as well as between the lower support and the foundation. The tray and crossbar of the upper support are fixed by fasteners, while the base and foundation of the lower support are anchored with bolts or placed on a solid and flat pad to ensure the stability and safety of the entire scaffolding system during construction.
Application scenarios
Construction: Widely used in scaffolding construction for various types of buildings, bridge engineering, municipal engineering, etc., such as external scaffolding for high-rise buildings, bridge formwork support systems, etc. In the construction of high-rise buildings, the height of scaffolding can be flexibly adjusted through upper and lower supports to meet the needs of construction on different floors; In the bridge formwork support system, the height and levelness of the formwork can be precisely controlled to ensure the quality of concrete pouring.
Indoor decoration: In indoor decoration projects, when a temporary operating platform needs to be built, upper and lower supports can be used to construct simple scaffolding, making it convenient for decoration workers to carry out high-altitude operations such as ceiling installation and wall painting.
Stage construction: In the stage construction of various performances, exhibitions, and other activities, upper and lower supports are also important components. It can be used to adjust the height of the stage, build support frames for lighting, sound and other equipment, and ensure the stability and safety of the stage facilities.
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